2013年高考定语从句,历年高考定语从句真题汇编

1.高考限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别

2.关于定语从句的问题

3.定语从句语法知识点汇总

4.用whose造一个定语从句

5.12.13年陕西高考英语试卷答案解析及阅读翻译

6.定语从句中如果是 there be 句型 先行词为人时可以用that做关系词吗?？

1 A Who或What引导的特殊疑问句中的定语从句为了避免重复，只用that引导，由于关系代词在从句中作主语，所以不能省略。

2 B 当先行词被the only,the very, the just, the last, the right修饰时，只能that引导定语从句。

3 B 这是由“介词＋关系代词”引出的定语从句，因为要译为“到......为止”且从句用于完成时，所以用by。

高考限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别

关于非限制性定语从句用法内容如下：

定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明确；非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开，将非限定性定语从句放在句子中间，其前后都需要用逗号隔开。

一、非限制性定语从句与限制性定语从句的区别

限制性定语从句，顾名思义，是对先行词从本质或特征上进行限制的一种定语从句，它所修饰的词代表一个（些）或一类特定的人或事、物。例如：A man who doesn’t want to learn from others can’t achieve much．一个不向别人学习的人是不能指望有多大成就的。A man被限定后，指一类特定的人。

限制性定语从句是不能去掉的，否则剩下的部分就失去意义而不能成立。非限制性定语从句则不然，它只对所修饰的词作进一步的说明，去掉之后并不影响整个句子的含义。在形式上，非限制性定语从句与主句之间通常必须有逗号隔开。

例如：Finally we visited the Giant Yangtze Gorges Dam，which is the greatest key water control project in the world at present．最后我们参观了长江三峡大坝，它是目前世界上最大的水利枢纽工程。

本句若去掉定语从句，主句部分的含义仍然完整。历年的高考题中，非限制性定语从句是出现频率最高的考点之一，因此值得我们注意。

二、引导非限制性定语从句的which可以指代前面的先行词，也可以指代前面整个句子。

例如：That Peter will marry Alice，which has not been announced yet，has spread around.彼特要娶爱丽斯这件事还没宣布，却已被传得沸沸扬扬。句子中的which指代“彼特要娶爱丽斯”这件事。

关于定语从句的问题

[b]1. 形式不同[/b]

限定性定语从句主句和从句之间不用逗号隔开，口语中使用时也不停顿;而非限定性定语从句与主句之间通常有逗号隔开，口语中使用时有停顿。

　[b]　2. 作用不同[/b]

限定性定语从句用于对先行词的意义进行修饰、限制和识别，如果去掉，就会造成句意不完整或概念不清;而非限定性定语从句用于对先行词起补充说明作用，如果省略，句意仍然清楚、完整：

People who take physical exercise live longer. 进行体育锻炼的人活得长些。(若把从句去掉句子就失去意义)

His daughter, who is in Boston now, is coming home next week. 他女儿现在波士顿，下星期回来。(若把从句去句子意义仍然完整)

　[b]　3. 翻译不同[/b]

在翻译定语从句时，一般把限定性定语从句翻译在它所修饰的先行词之前，而把非限定性定语从句与主句分开：

He is the man whose car was stolen. 他就是汽车被窃的那个人。

I’ve invited Jim, who lives in the next flat. 我请了吉姆，他就住在隔壁。

　[b]　4. 含义不同[/b]

比较：

I have a sister who is a doctor. 我有一个当医生的姐姐。(姐姐不止一个)

I have a sister ,who is a doctor. 我有一个姐姐，她是当医生的。(只有一个姐姐)

　[b]　5. 先行词不同[/b]

限定性定语从句的先行词只能是名词或代词，而非限定性定语从句的先行词则可以是名词或代词，也可以是短语或句子;另外，当先行词为专有名词或其他具有独一无二性的普通名词时，通常要用非限制性定语从句，而不用限制性定语从句：

Peter drove too fast, which was dangerous. 彼得开车很快，这是很危险的。(which指drive too fast)

He changed his mind, which made me very angry. 他改变了主意，这使我很生气。(which指整个主句)

Mr. Smith, who is our boss, will leave for Japan next week. 我们的老板史密斯先生下周要去日本。(先行词为专有名词，要用非限制性定语从句修饰)

Her father, who has a lot of money, wishes her to study abroad. 她父亲很有钱，希望她出国学习。(先行词为表独一无二意义的普通名词，要用非限制性定语从句修饰)

[b]6. 关系词不同[/b]

关系词that和why可用于限制性定语从句中，通常不用于非限制性定语从句;另外，在限制性定语从句中，关系词有时可以省略，而在非限制性定语从句中关系词一律不省略。

定语从句语法知识点汇总

定语从句学习难点讲析

定语从句是各类从句学习的重点,也是难点。同学们在学习中常遇到一些难题,出现一些错误。下面就几个难点作一讲析。

一、如何正确使用连接主从句的引导词

一个定语从句的引导词是用关系代词还是关系副词,这是同学们首先遇到的一个难题,由于把握不准,所以出错较多。请看以下例子:

1. A. That is the school _____________we studied three years ago.

B. That is the school ____________ we built three years ago.

2. A. I've forgotten the exact day ______ he gave me the film copy.

B. I've forgotten the exact day ______ he fixed for me to have the operation.

3. A. Beijing is a city ____________ there is the famous Summer Palace.

B. Beijing is China's political and cultural center, ____________ has the most universities.

这三组句子中的A、B句看上去很相近,因此,同学们在判断空格线上所使用的引导词时很容易出错。我们来作一解析:上述各组A句中先行词所表示的是从句中谓语动词动作发生的地点或时间,如1A句空格中指的是in the school, 2A句空格中指的是on the day, 3A句空格中指的是in the city,因此,引导词指的是状语,从句谓语动词与先行词之间是一种"谓状"关系,要分别用 where, when, where;而上面各组B句中的先行词表示的是定语从句的宾语或主语,如1B句中的 built the school, 2B句中的fixed the day, 3B句中的the place has,从句谓语动词与先行词之间是一种"动宾"或"主谓"关系,因此,引导词要用关系代词that或which(3B句是一个非限制性定语从句,只能用which)。

通过解析我们可知:判断是用关系代词还是关系副词要看先行词在从句中的指代。如果是谓语与状语的关系,就用关系副词,如果是主谓或是动宾关系就用关系代词。

二、弄清几个问题

1. 区别清"It +be"引导的强调句与带有定语从句的复合句。请看下列两组句子:

A. It was September 11, 2001 ________ the World Trade Center in New York was attacked.

B. It was on September 11, 2001_______ the World Trade Center in New York was attacked.

A. It was Wuhan ____________ Jill met the three-year-old girl and adopted her.

B. It was in Wuhan ____________ Jill met the three-year-old girl and adopted her.

以上两组A、B句除了分别相差介词on 和in之外,其余部分完全相同。但一词之差句式不同,横线上的词也不同。那么究竟哪个是强调句,哪个是含定语从句的复合句呢?有一个简单的判定方法:去掉It was和连接词(横线部分)。如果剩余部分仍是一个完整的句子,则是强调句;否则,那个空格中所用的引导词及其引导的部分就是定语从句。根据这个原则我们就很容易判断出两组的A句是含定语从句的复合句,横线部分分别用关系副词when 和where。而B句则是强调句,横线部分应是that。

2. 定冠词的有无

有时定冠词在句中有决定性的作用。有无定冠词影响着定语从句的结构。如:

(1) This is one of the books that_______ (sell) well in the bookstore.

(2) This is the one of the books that _________ (sell) well in the bookstore.

sell取单数还是复数?分析:在(1)中,that 引导的定语从句修饰的是the books, 而(2)中one前有了一个the, 句子重心前移,这时从句修饰的是the one。因此(1)应用sell, (2)应用sells。再看:

(1) Is this the boy _______ you want to talk to?

(2) Is this boy __________ you want to talk to?

在这两个句子中,(1)the boy 是先行词,它在主句中是表语,定语从句修饰的是主句的表语,因此空格处应用whom, that(甚至who 也可以); 但(2)则不同,从结构上看,这个主句不全,this boy是主语,is是系动词,没有表语(先行词),所以首先要补上先行词(名词或代词),写成Is this boy the boy ______ you want to talk to?这里boy重复,用one代替,然后再在空白处加上关系代词whom(who),或that,即是Is this boy the one whom (that) you want to talk to?

3. 注意标点符号的形式

有时我们会见到这样的句子:

(1) Entering the room, I found a note on the table, _________ read: “I've left for Harbin.”

(1) Entering the room, I found a note on the table. __________ read: “I've left for Harbin.”

一个标点符号决定一个句子的结构。在(1)中,横线前是一个逗号,说明逗号前后是一个句子的两个部分。根据句意可知逗号后是一个非限制性定语从句,因此横线部分用which。(2)中前后两句之间用了句号,说明前后是两个独立的句子,因此,空格处应填入能作主语,代替a note的代词。因为指物,故用It。

超越语法: 定语从句典型错误剖析

定语从句是中学英语中的一个重要语法项目,学生们在学习和使用中出现了这样或那样的错误。现将其中的一些典型错误句例总结如下,供大家引以为鉴。

1. Is this the pen your father bought it for you?

答案:去掉it。

解析:定语从句中的关系词在从句中充当一定的成分。因此从句中不能再出现与关系词作用相同的代词或名词,以避免重复。误句中省略的关系代词(which/that)作bought的宾语,故it是多余的。

2. Have you been to the company where she works there?

答案:去掉there。

解析:关系副词已作了working的地点状语。

3. I shall never forget the days when I spent with you.

答案:将when改为which/that。

解析:先行词在定语从句中作spent的宾语,故用which/that,而when在从句中只作时间状语。

4. Is this all what you want to say?

答案:将what改为that。

解析:先行词为指物的不定代词时,其后的定语从句用that来引导,作宾语时也可省略。而what不能引导定语从句。

5. He lived in a house, in front of it he planted some beautiful flowers.

答案:将it改为which。

解析:这是一个含有非限制性定语从句的复合句, which在从句中作介词宾语。

6. Mother came back on December 21 when was my birthday.

答案:将when改为which。

解析: which指代时间(December 21)作定语从句的主语。

7. This is the ring for which she is looking.

答案:将for移到looking之后。

解析:look for是固定短语动词,不能够拆开使用。

8. Is this history museum that some foreign friends visited last week?

答案:在that前加the one。

解析:犯这类错误的主要原因是错把this history museum看作是定语从句的先行词。根据句子结构,this history museum应是主句的主语。故应添加一个定语从句的先行词the one作主句中的表语。

9. This is the monitor her English is the best in our class.

答案:将her改为whose。

解析:用whose代替her引起定语从句,修饰先行词the monitor。

10. As you know it, he has left for Australia.

答案:去掉it。

解析:关系代词as作know的宾语,再使用it就重复了。

11. The meeting was put off, that was exactly what we wanted.

答案:将that改为which。

解析:that作为关系代词不能用于非限制定语从句中。此处which指代主句(The meeting was put off)。

12. I don’t like the way which you treat your mother.

答案: 1)在which前加in。 2) 将which改为that。 3) 去掉which。

解析:当先行词the way在定语从句中作状语时,其关系代词可用that/in which或不用。

13. He told the good news to those who was present at the meeting.

答案:将was改为were。

解析:定语从句中的谓语动词,在数和人称上必须与主句中的先行词保持一致。该句的先行词是those, 故应用were。

14. The expert visited our school is from Shanghai.

答案:在visited前加who。

解析:关系代词在定语从句中作主语时不能省略。

15. Who’s the old man whom you just shook hands?

答案:在hands后加上with。

解析:定语从句中的关系代词whom作with的宾语,故介词with不能省略。

定语从句归纳·拓展(一)引导定语从句的词叫作关系代词或关系副词。关系代词有who、 whom、 whose、 that、 which、as等;关系副词有when、 where、 why等。它们具有三个功能:1.连接主句和从句; 2. 指代先行词; 3. 在从句中充当一种成分。如: “This is the book that I want to buy.” “that”连接主句 “This is the book”和从句 “I want to buy”,指代先行词 “book”,并在从句中作 “buy”的宾语。一、关系代词的用法关系代词的选用:第一,取决于它指代的是人还是物,指代人时可用who、 whom、 that或as, 指代物时用that、 which或as;第二,取决于它在从句中充当的成分,关系代词在从句中可充当主语、宾语、定语等。如:1) The man who / that is standing at the door is my English teacher. 站在门口的那个人是我的英语老师。(who / that在从句中充当主语)2) Do you know the man whom / that we met in the street? 你认识我们在街上碰到的那个人吗?(whom / that在从句中充当宾语)指人的who和whom有格的区别:who在从句中作主语(在非正式说法中也可作宾语),whom在从句中只能作宾语,不能作主语,也可以省略。3) The problem that / which troubles us is how to finish the work in time. 使我们烦恼的问题是怎样才能按时完成这项工作。 (that / which在从句中作主语)4) The book that / which I bought yesterday is worth reading. 昨天我买的这本书值得一读。(that / which在从句中作宾语,这时可以省略)关系代词whose一般指人,表示"该人的",也可指物,表示 “该物的”,在从句中作定语。如:Thats the painter whose works are so highly regarded. 那位就是其作品受到很高评价的画家。The building whose roof we can see from here is a hotel. 我们在这儿望得见屋顶的那座房子是一个旅馆。whose在以物为先行词时,可用of which代替,尤其是口语中。上例相当于:The building the roof of which we can see from here is a hotel.二、 “介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句关系代词whom, which在定语从句中作介词的宾语时,可以跟介词一起放在主句和从句之间;当先行词指人时,介词后的关系代词用whom, 其余用which,这时的关系代词不能省略;有时为了使关系代词紧跟它所修饰的先行词,也可以把介词放在从句中有关动词的后面,这时的which可用that替换。当介词放在从句有关动词的后面时,关系代词which, that, whom在口语中和非正式文体中经常省略。如:This is the room in which he used to live. = This is the room (which / that) he used to live in. 这是他过去居住过的房间。Who's the man with whom you just shook hands? =Who's the man (that / whom) you just shook hands with? 刚才你与他握手的那个人是谁?但含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开,介词仍放在动词的后面。如:This is the book (which / that) I'm looking for. 这就是我在找的那本书。在这类定语从句中,介词的选择一般根据动词的需要,如上述几例,或者根据先行词来决定。如:There is a mountain of which the top is always covered with snow. 有一座山顶总是覆盖着雪的山。三、关于使用关系代词的几点说明:1. 指物的关系代词that和which常可互换,但下列情况下通常用关系代词that:1)当先行词是:all, none, much, little, everything, everybody, everyone, nothing等不定代词时。如:All (that) he said at the meeting encouraged us greatly. 他在会上说的一切,使我们受到很大的鼓舞。2)当先行词前有形容词的最高级、序数词及the last, the same, the only, the very等修饰时。如:This is the best film (that) I have ever seen. 这是我所看过影片中最好的一部。The first article (that) Lucy wrote in Chinese was good. 露西用汉语写的第一篇文章很好。3)先行词中既含有 “人”也含有 “物”时。如:He talked about the teachers and schools (that) he had visited. 他谈起他所访问过的老师和学校。2. 关系代词作表语时一般不用who,而用that。如:He is not the man that he was. 他不是从前的他了。(从句中that是was的表语)3. 若含有疑问代词:who, which, what等时,应避免使用关系代词who, which,而应用that。如:Who that knows him will believe him. 认识他的人会相信他。Which of the two cows (that) you keep produces more milk? 你养的两头奶牛,哪头产奶多? 语从句归纳·拓展(二)--when, where, why引导定语从句学习四要素when、where、why引导的定语从句是定语从句重要内容,也是高考重要考点,学习这些定语从句时应注意下列几点:一、掌握when、 where、 why基本用法when、 where、 why是关系副词,其基本用法如下表。关系副词 属性 在句中作用 例 句when 表时间 时间状语 I remember the days when I stayed there.where 表地点 地点状语 This is the room where I lost my pen.why 表原因 原因状语 This is the reason why he was late.二、熟悉易误用when, where, why的场合若先行词虽表时间、地点、原因,但在定语从句中不作时间、地点和原因状语而作主语或宾语,属于关系代词范畴,应用关系代词that或which,而不能用关系副词when, where, why引导定语从句。例:I regret the days (that / which) I wasted in the woods. 我后悔在森林里虚度的日子。(先行词在从句中作宾语)I'll never forget the year 1976 which /that was full of sadness.我不会忘记充满悲哀的1976年。(先行词在从句中作主语)That is the factory that/which produces cars.那是生产小汽车的工厂。(先行词在从句中作主语)That is the factory (that / which) he visited yesterday. 那是他昨天参观的工厂。(先行词在从句中作宾语)He gave the reason that / which was unreasonable. 他给出一个没道理的理由。(先行词在从句中作主语)What is the reason (that/which) he raised? 他提出的理由是什么?(先行词在从句中作宾语)三、了解关系副词与关系代词转换规律关系代词whom或which在定语从句中作介词宾语时,介词可放在后面,也可提前构成介词+关系代词whom (先行词指人)/which(先行词指物)引导定语从句(这种方法更为正式)。例:Mary is the girl whom I borrowed a book from. = Mary is the girl from whom I borrowed a book. 玛丽就是我向她借书的那个女孩。Is this the room that/which he once lived in? = Is this the room in which he once lived? 这是他曾经住过的房子吗?常见的有以下几种情况:1. where=in/on which 例:This is the room where / in which he lives.这是他住的房间。I can see the playground where / on which they do sports.我能看见他们进行运动的操场。2. when= on/in/at which 例:I still remember the year when/ in which I joined the Party.我仍然记得入党的那一年。I still remember the day when/on which I joined the Party. 我仍然记得入党的那一天。I still remember the hour when/at which the rocket was launched.我仍然记得那个火箭发射的时刻。3. why=for which 例:This is the reason why / for which he was killed.这是他被的原因。但下列情况下介词不能提前:⑴用who代替whom,用that代替which时,介词不能提前。例:He's the boy who I learned English from.这是我向他学英语的男孩。This should be the place that Tom sent the parcel to. 这应是汤姆送包裹的地方。⑵当whom、which省去时介词不能提前。例:Is he the boy you went there with?他是和你一起去那儿的男孩吗? This is the room he lived in. 这是他住过的房间。⑶当whom, which作为含有介词的动词短语的宾语时,介词一般来说不能拆开提前。例:You're the very man whom I'm looking for. 你正是我在找的那个人。This is the program which he listened to. 这就是他听过的节目。再看下面几种结构:(一)介词+whose引导的定语从句whose引导定语从句时,可出现创新句型:介词+whose引导定语从句。解这种定语从句时需弄清从句的动词与先行词、whose后边的名词及定语从句主语之间的关系,并发挥合理想象,不难发现其中正确的逻辑关系。例:She is the girl to whose father I talked yesterday. 她就是昨天我和其父亲谈话的女孩。He is the boy for whose boss I work. 他就是我为其老板打工的男孩。(二)复杂介词+whom/which引导定语从句I stay at the hotel at the back of which is a small garden.我住在后面有一座花园的旅馆。(三)数词(不定量数词)/ 含所属关系名词+of whom/which引导定语从句。例:She has many books, only one of which is interesting. 她有许多书,只有一本是有趣的。四、明确when, where引导定语从句需特别注意的情况1. when引导定语从句需特别注意的情况(1)当先行词为time, time前面有序数词或last 加以修饰时,应用that而不用when引导定语从句。例:This is the first/last time that I shall give you a lesson. 这是我第一次/最后一次给你们上课。This is the third time that he has been to Beijing. 这是他第三次去北京。(2)当time前面没有序数词或last加以修饰时,既可用when又可用that引导定语从句。例:Can you tell me the exact time when/that the sports meeting will be held? 你告诉我运动会举行的确切时间吗?2.where引导定语从句需特别注意的情况当point, situation等词作先行词引导定语从句时表抽象的地点,若在定语从句中作地点状语,应由where引导定语从句。Can you think out a situation where this word can be used?你能设想出这个单词被使用的场合吗?Her illness has developed to the point where nobody can cure her. 她的病发展到没人能治的地步。

用whose造一个定语从句

定语从句(Attributive Clauses)在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词(关系代词或关系副词)引出。下面就是我给大家带来的定语从句语法知识点汇总，希望大家喜欢！

1 关系代词引导的定语从句

关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。

1)who, whom, that

这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中所起作用如下：

Is he the man who/that wants to see you?

他就是想见你的人吗?(who/that在从句中作主语)

He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.

他就是我昨天见的那个人。(whom/that在从句中作宾语)

2) Whose 用来指人或物，(只用作定语, 若指物，它还可以同of which互换), 例如：

They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.　 那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。

Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green.　请递给我那本绿皮的书。

3)which, that

它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等，例如：

A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。(which / that在句中作宾语)

The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。(which / that在句中作宾语)

2 关系副词引导的定语从句

关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。

1)when, where, why

关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于"介词+ which"结构，因此常常和"介词+ which"结构交替使用，例如：

There are occasions when (on which) one must yield.　任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。

Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born.　北京是我的出生地。

Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer?　这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗?

2)that代替关系副词

that可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when, where, why和"介词+ which"引导的定语从句，在口语中that常被省略，例如：

His father died the year (that / when / in which) he was born.　他父亲在他出生那年逝世了。

He is unlikely to find the place (that / where / in which) he lived forty years ago. 他不大可能找到他四十年前居住过的地方。

3 判断关系代词与关系副词

方法 一： 用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词;而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。例如：

This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.

I'll never forget the days when I worked together with you.

判断改错(注：先显示题，再显示答案，横线;用不同的颜色表示出。)

(错) This is the mountain village where I visited last year.

(错) I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside.

(对) This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year.

(对) I'll never forget the days (which) I spent in the countryside.

习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词 where, when联系在一起。此两题错在关系词的误用上。

方法二： 准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、谓、宾、定、状)，也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。

例1. Is this museum ___ you visited a few days age?

A. where　B. that　 C. on which　 D. the one

例2. Is this the museum ____ the exhibition was held.

A. where　　B. that　 C. on which　　D. the one

答案：例1 D，例2 A

例1变为肯定句： This museum is ___ you visited a few days ago.

例2变为肯定句： This is the museum ___ the exhibition was held.

在句1中，所缺部分为宾语，而where, that, on which都不能起到宾语的作用，只有the one既做了主句的表语，又可做从句的宾语，可以省略关系代词，所以应选D。

而句2中, 主、谓、宾俱全，从句部分为 句子 的状语表地点，既可用副词where，又因 in the museum词组，可用介词in + which 引导地点状语。而此题中，介词on 用的不对，所以选A。

关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分，先行词在从句中做主、定、宾语时，选择关系代词 (who, whom, that, which, whose); 先行词在从句中做状语时，应选择关系副词 ( where 地点状语，when 时间状语，why 原因状语) 。

4 限制性和非限制性定语从句

1) 定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明确;非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开，例如：

This is the house which we bought last month.　　　这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。(限制性)

The house, which we bought last month, is very nice.这幢房子很漂亮，是我们上个月买的。(非限制性)

2) 当先行词是专有名词或物主代词和指示代词所修饰时，其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的，例如：

Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year. 查理·史密斯去年退休了，他曾经是我的老师。

My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden.　我去年买的的那幢房子带着个漂亮的花园。

This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching. 这本小说很动人，我已经读了三遍。

3) 非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词, 对其进行修饰, 这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数，例如：

He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me. 他似乎没抓住我的意思，这使我心烦。

Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation. 液态水变为蒸汽，这就叫做蒸发。

说明：关系代词that和关系副词why不能引导非限制性定语从句。

5 介词+关系词

1)介词后面的关系词不能省略。

2)that前不能有介词。

3) 某些在从句中充当时间，地点或原因状语的"介词+关系词"结构可以同关系副词when 和where 互换。

This is the house in which I lived two years ago.

This is the house where I lived two years ago.

Do you remember the day on which you joined our club?

Do you remember the day when you joined our club?

6 as, which 非限定性定语从句

由as, which 引导的非限定性定语从句，as和which可代整个主句，相当于and this或and that。As一般放在句首，which在句中。

As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health.

The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us.

典型例题

1)Alice received an invitation from her boss, ___came as a surprise.

A. it　 B. that　 C. which　　D. he

答案C. 此为非限定性从句，不能用 that修饰，而用which.，it 和he 都使后句成为句子，两个独立的句子不能单以逗号连接。况且选he句意不通。

2)The weather turned out to be very good, ___ was more than we could expect.

A. what　B. which　C. that　D. it

答案B。which可代替句子，用于非限定性定语从句，而what不可。That 不能用于非限定性定语从句，it不为连词，使由逗号连接的两个句子并在一起在英语语法上行不通。

3)It rained hard yesterday, ____ prevented me from going to the park..

A. that　B. which　　C. as　 D. it

答案B.

as 和which在引导非限制性定语从句时，这两个关系代词都指主句所表达的整个意思，且在定语从句中都可以作主语和宾语。但不同之处主要有两点：

(1) as 引导的定语从句可置于句首，而which不可。

(2) as 代表前面的整个主句并在从句中作主语时，从句中的谓语必须是系动词;若为行为动词，则从句中的关系代词只能用which.。

在本题中，prevent由于是行为动词，所以正确选项应为B。

As 的用法

例1. the same… as;such…as 中的as 是一种固定结构, 和……一样……。

I have got into the same trouble as he (has).

例2. as可引导非限制性从句，常带有'正如'。

As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health.

As is know, smoking is harmful to one's health.

As是关系代词。例1中的as作know的宾语;例2中，它充当从句的主语，谓语动词know要用被动式。

7 先行词和关系词二合一

1)Whoever spits in public will be punished here.

(Whoever 可以用 anyone who 代替)

2)The parents will use what they have to send their son to technical school.

(what 可以用all that代替)

8 what/whatever;that/what; who/whoever

1)what = the thing which;whatever = anything

What you want has been sent here.

Whatever you want makes no difference to me.

2) who= the person that　 whoever= anyone who

(错)Who breaks the law will be punished.

(错)Whoever robbed the bank is not clear.

(对)Whoever breaks the law will be punished.

(对)Who robbed the bank is not clear.

3) that 和 what

当that引导定语从句时 ，通常用作关系代词，而引导名词性从句时，是个不充当任何成分的连接词。宾语从句和表语从句中的that常可省略。What只能引导名词性从　句， 用作连接代词，作从句的具体成分，且不能省略。

I think (that) you will like the stamps.

What we need is more practice.

9 关系代词that 的用法

1)不用that的情况

a) 在引导非限定性定语从句时。

(错)　The tree, that is four hundred years old, is very famous here.

b) 介词后不能用。

We depend on the land from which we get our food.

We depend on the land that/which we get our food from.

2) 只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况

a)　在there be 句型中，只用that，不用which。

b)　在不定代词，如：anything, nothing, the one, all, much, few, any, little等作先行词时，只用that，不用which。

c)　先行词有the only, the very修饰时，只用that。

d)　先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高级时，只用that。.

e)　先行词既有人，又有物时。

举例：

All that is needed is a supply of oil.

所需的只是供油问题。

Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police.

那贼最终把偷的全部东西交给了警察。

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3. 初中常考的英语语法知识点汇总

4. 英语高一必修一语法知识点汇总

5. 高中英语定语从句知识

6. 高一英语重点语法英语笔记--定语从句

7. 高中英语语法知识点整理总结

8. 初中英语语法知识点总结

9. 人教版高中英语必修一语法知识点总结

12.13年陕西高考英语试卷答案解析及阅读翻译

　用whose造一个定语从句

　定语从句中whose的用法whose引导的定语从句是语法重点，也是高考中经常考查的语法内容之一。要学好whose引导的定语从句的用法，应注意以下六个方面。

　一、whose为who的所有格，作“某(些)人的……”解，它所指代的先行词必须是人，其引导的定语从句修饰它的先行词，同时它本身在从句中作定语。

　This is the little girl whose parents were killed in thegreat earthquake.这就是在那次大地震中失去双亲的那个小姑娘。

　Mr Liu wants to talk to the students whose homework hasn't been handed in.刘老师要跟那些没交家庭作业的学生谈话。

　二、whose也可作which的所有格，作“某(些)物的……”解，它所指代的先行词必须是物，其功能同上。

　The company whose name was Notco was in Australia.那个名叫诺特可的公司设在澳大利亚。

　We live in a house whose windows open to the south.我们居住在一所窗户朝南开的房子里。

　三、whose可修饰定语从句中的.主语、宾语、介词宾语等不同成分。

　Mr King，whose legs were badly hurt，was quickly taken to hospital.金先生的腿受了重伤，很快就被送往医院。(whose修饰定语从句中的主语legs)

　We shall have to make a decision about Ms King，whose story I've just told you.关于金女士的情况，我刚才已经告诉你们了，我们得对她的事情作出决定。(whose修饰定语从句中的宾语 story)

　四、whose既可引导限制性定语从句，亦可引导非限制性定语从句。

　The boss in whose department Mr King worked called at the hospital.金先生工作单位的老板到医院来探视。(限制性定语从句)

　The boss of the company，whose name was Mr Little，told the story.公司的老板叫利特尔，他讲述了这个故事。(非限制性定语从句)

　五、由于whose具有兼作who和 which的所有格的双重功能，故在指人时可用of whom代替whose，指物时可用of which代替whose。

　This kind of book is for children whose native language(=the native language of whom)is Chinese.这种书是给母语是汉语的儿童看的。

　Mr Brown has written a novel whose name(=the name of which)I've completely forgotten.布朗先生写了部小说，其书名我完全忘了。

　I live in a room whose window(=the window of which)opens to the south. 我住在一间窗户朝南开的屋子里。

　六、按英语习惯用法，下列情况中的whose和of whom或of which切不可混用：

　1.凡是of whom或of which同数词或代词(如some，many，little等)连用表示部分与整体关系时，通常不可用 whose。

　There are 45 students in our class，35of whom are League members.我们班有45名学生，其中35名是团员。

　Mr White wrote many articles，some of which were translated into Chinese.怀特先生写了不少文章，其中一些译成了中文。

　2.凡是of whom或of which修饰定语从句中的主语，是表示同位关系的代词both，all等时，切不可用whose。

　I have two sons，both of whom serve in the army.我有两个儿子，都在部队服役。

　He has some novels，all of which are written in Russian.他有一些小说，都是用俄文写的。

　 定语从句特点

　1）先行词在从句中做成分,可为主语,宾语,表语,定语,状语.

　2） 引导词代替先行词在从句中做相应的成分,引导词的判断根据先此词所作成分判定

　3） whose 做引导词引导定语从句的特点是先行词在从句中做定语,也可以理解为,先行词和从句中的名词间存在所属关系.

　He is the student whose father got a big fish.(the student's father)

　We all like the book whose writer is HanHan (the writer of the book)

　注意：在非限定性定语从句当中,whose= the + 名词 + of + which

　He bought a golden watch,whose hands was made by gold.

　He bought a golden watch,the hands of which was made by gold.

定语从句中如果是 there be 句型 先行词为人时可以用that做关系词吗?？

第一节：单项填空

21

答案D

译文做志愿者工作可以给你机会去改变生命，也包括你自己的生命。

解析题干中已经有谓语动词gives，故A选项change动词谓语形式不能入选，只能选非谓语形式，而用来修饰chance的后置定语，doing表示正在，done表示被动，to

do表示未发生，根据句意，可以轻松选出D选项。

22

答案A

译文在关闭所有程序前不要关闭电脑，否则你可能会有麻烦。

解析考查连词，根据句意逻辑可以轻松选出or否则。

23

答案C

译文莎士比亚的剧本哈姆雷特在过年的几年中被拍成至少十部不同的影片。

解析over the past

years是现在完成时明显标志，考生可以直接入选。虽然翻译成“在过去的几年中”，但实际上还是指从过去截至到现在，也应该用现在完成时。

24

答案B

译文发现这个课程比较难，她决定转到更低的难度级别。

解析题干中已有decided谓语动词，故A选项find动词谓语形式不能入选；D选线found是done的形式，表被动，也不对；C选项to

find位于句首表目的，翻译成“为了”，意思不对，所以选B选项ing形式，表示伴随。

25

答案B

译文- 你认为妈妈和爸爸会晚吗？ - 不会的，瑞士航空一般比较准时。

解析根据句意可以轻松选出will，此题属于简单题。

26

答案C

译文我预约了Smith大夫，但是我现在需要改变一下预约。

解析have an appointment with与某人预约。

27

答案D

译文许多国家现在都正在建造国家公园，动物和植物在里面可以得到保护。

解析考查定语从句，从句完整且修改的是地点，故选where。

28

答案B

译文快点！Mark和Carl在等我们呢。

解析本题有较强的语境，Hurry up体现出别人正在等你，所以选B。其他选项均不恰当。

29

答案D

译文当我们看到公路被大学封着的时候，我们决定假期待在家里。

解析block意思为“封阻、拦阻”，及物动词，公路是被雪封阻了，所以只能D选项done的形式是被动，其他选项均为主动。

30

答案A

译文当时度假的时候我随身带了驾照，以防我要租车。

解析in case以防，even if即使，ever since自从那时，if

only如果…就好了，根据句意选A。

31

答案B

译文让这本书非比寻常的是作者具有创造力的想象力。

解析考查名词性从句，从句makes前缺少主语，故选what，本题目属于简单题。

32

答案C

译文- 那么程序是什么样的？ - （程序是）所有的申请者都被采访了当局才能做出最终决定。

解析考查时态语态，首先是被采访，所以只能选C和D，根据句意判断，没有“正在被采访”的意思，所以排除D，选C。记住：进行时表动作正在进行一般都很形象，上下文语境中通常有标志性词，如hurry

up、look、listen等，再者就是用进行来表示语气情感加强，如麦当劳的广告语“I’m loving it”，译为“我就喜欢”。

33

答案C

译文专家们认为人们可以通过只购买必要物品的方式来减少食物浪费。

解析考查宾语从句，从句完整意思完整，填that，该题目属于送分题。

34

答案D

译文如果我们当初早一些订桌，我们现在就不可能在这排队了。

解析考查虚拟语气。首先判断是虚拟，排除所有现在时态A和C，根据句意得知说的是过去的事情，所以选D过去完成时，本题简单，但对于完全不懂虚拟且不会翻译错综时间的同学也有一定难度。

35

答案A

译文- 你没必要带伞。不会下雨的。 - 哦，我不知道。有可能会下吧。

解析考查情态动词。might有可能、可能会，语气弱；need需要；would当时会，用于虚拟或过去将来时态；should应该或应该会，语气较强。通过语境和“I

don’t know”判断出语气较弱，故选might。

第二节：完形填空

36

答案C train

解析通过翻译，可以判断小女孩训练很刻苦，故选train训练。

37

答案A since

解析通过翻译，根据前后句意思可以判断出为因果逻辑，故选since表因为。

38

答案A tell

解析通过翻译，可知小女孩经常看重影或者无法判断物体的远近，而guess猜、assume假定、predict预测均无此意，tell可以表示辨别出、判断出、说出的意思，如It’s

hard to tell who is who 很难辨别出谁是谁。

39

答案D noticed

解析通过翻译，可知妈妈注意到小女孩胆量很大，无所畏惧，所以选noticed注意到。

40

答案B well

解析通过翻译，可知小女孩视力不好，无法很好的看东西，所以选well

41

答案B sport

解析体操本身属于运动，且下文重复出现过do the sport。

42

答案C different

解析通过翻译，可知对于小女孩来说，学习体操肯定和其他同学不一样，因为她的眼睛问题。而boring无聊、enjoyable享受、unsatisfactory不满意均意思不合理。

43

答案D condition

解析通过翻译，可知此处应该填小女孩的病症，talent才华、quality素质、nature天性都不合适，而condition可以有health

condition身体健康状况，所以选condition，且上文明确提过这个病是一个rare condition。

44

答案C challenge

解析通过翻译，可知对于小女孩最大的难处、最大的挑战就是平衡木。

45

答案D trust

解析通过翻译，可知小女好的意思是“你要相信你的直觉或你的心灵，它可以把你带到你想要去的地方”，且全文结尾的“just

believe yourself”也是很好的复现。

46

答案A fearful

解析通过翻译，可知想要成为顶级的体操选手，必须勇敢，大多数人可能最害怕的就是平衡木，因为平衡木只有四寸宽。根据brave可以推出fearful。

47

答案C off

解析通过翻译，可知小女好没有掉下来，而fall off意为“从…掉下来”。

48

答案B treated

解析通过翻译，可知小女孩不想自己因为眼睛不好的原因而得到区别于队友的不同对待。greet问候、served服务、paid付、花，意思均不符合。

49

答案D problems

解析通过翻译，可以裁判们不知道小女孩的视力有问题。pain痛苦、stress压力、injury身体受损，视力不能痛苦、不能压力，视力软性的看不见摸不着的东西，不是身体的部分，不能选injury，而problem可以泛指一般的所有的问题，所以选D。

50

答案A positive

解析通过翻译，可知全文体现的是小女孩积极的态度，所以选positive积极的。

51

答案B quitting

解析通过翻译，可知小女孩不想退出，她现在的水平是7，最高级别是10，而她的目标是9。所以选quit。

52

答案D goal

解析通过翻译，选goal目标，表示她想要达到的程度。

53

答案C when

解析通过翻译，可知小女孩想要在她长大的时候成为一名体操教练，把她的所学传授给其他孩子们。before在…之前、until直到，均意思不对，as可以表示“当”，但强调伴随，翻译成“随着”，后面往往跟进行时态，而句子意思是“当她长大的时候”，所以选when。

54

答案A proud

解析通过翻译，可以轻松选出proud of骄傲自豪。

55

答案B advice

解析通过翻译，可知小女孩给大家的建议就是“相信自己就好”，所以选advice。

第三部分：阅读理解

A 篇

56

答案：B

解析：为第二段主旨题。通过第二段第二句话可知所讨论话题为安全问题，故选B。

57

答案：A

解析：此题为细节题。考生需要定位选项当中的关键词，再与文中原句进行比较。A选项可通过Oxygen一词直接定位到文中第三段首句，即为正确答案。B选项为无中生有的选项，全文无对应。C定位sleepy

一词，在第三段第二句话，D定位children and pet 在第二段第二句话，均与文章意思相悖，故选A。

58

答案：D

解析：此题为词汇题。画线句为此段首句，后面的句子均在解释加热器的特点，由后文中的“wall to

wall”和“floor to ceiling”，以及直接介绍其他加热器的区别的信息，可知evenly 译为均匀的，故选D。

59

答案：A

解析：此题为主旨题。文章最后一句给出了明确的指示。

B篇

60

答案：C

解析：此题为细节题，考生需要直接定位到文章的具体情节。第二段当中的“Is she going to

make it” 应当译为“她能不能撑得住”，“她能不能活的下来”，故答案选C

61

答案：C

解析：此题为细节题，考生需要直接定位到文章的具体细节。第四段整段是对于给Grace安装尾巴的介绍。此题易混淆选项为B。不选B的原因是，安装尾巴的初衷并非是想让Grace舒服。安装尾巴的原因是因为没有了尾巴的Grace在游泳当中出现了困难，所以要安个尾巴去解决这个问题，使它变舒服只不过是附带的一个结果，故B不对。

62

答案：D

解析：此题为主旨题。记叙文主旨绝大多数出现在文章最后，本文也不例外。最后一句中的courage是本题的题眼。作者在最后告诉读者本文写作目的，即鼓励人们在逆境中要勇敢要有勇气，故答案为D.

C篇

63

答案：B

解析：此题为细节题。从文章首段重点“paparazzi”等词可以看出本文是一篇以明星隐私不能得到良好保护为主题的文章。本题中ACD三个选项都与这个大方向偏离甚远故不能选。

64

答案：B

解析：此题为主旨题。第三自然段的首句直接给出明确答案，此句译作跟踪明星的现象由来已久，故答案选B。

65

答案：A

解析：此题为细节题。做此题有两种可行方法。第一，由文章主旨可知，本文是关于明星和媒体关系的文章，准确讲是媒体对于明星生活的影响。故本题答案应与媒体产生关系，否则此题答案所在的段落便会跑题故选A。第二，相对传统的做法。通过四段首句可知答案在这一段当中出现，第二句的photographer的出现是A选项的直接对应。

66

答案：D

解析：此题为作者态度题。文章最开始和最后都有体现。最开始作者谈到狗仔队对于明星生活的影响，最后谈到明星们的种种无奈，故答案选D.

D篇

67

答案：D

解析：此题为细节题。本题是一道典型调查研究类文章考察实验结果的题目。D选项为一段尾句的同义改写，故正确。

68

答案：A

解析：此题为细节题。本题考查的是实验目的。考生可瞬间排除BCD两个选项因为他们和实验目的，multitask的能力毫无关系。调查研究类文章一切实验均会围绕实验假设展开，与之无关的选项可直接排除。

69

答案：C

解析：此题为细节题，考查实验结果。本题和67题考查思路一样，答案C选项和第一题中的D也有相似之处。准确出处在文章第四段，故选C。

70

答案：C

解析：此题为细节题，考查实验结果。最后一段当中的“people who are

multitasking are generally less sensitive to risky situation” 为正确答案出处，故选C。

七选五：

71

答案：E

解析：此题有两个暗示点。第一个是时间，上句话提到了5500年前有的城市，之后紧接着说200年之后是个简单的顺成的关系。第二个是but的轻微语义转折，but之后是的两句话都是在讲当时人的居住情况，故E为最佳选项。

72

答案：D

解析：此题有一个明确暗示点，为D选项当中的other和上句的Only the beginning.

Other 是明显承上启下的功能，后面的the process of证明了这一点，故选D

73

答案：B

解析：此题有一个明确的暗示点。The rest

和之前的3个数据是明显的并列关系，故答案选B。

74

答案：A

解析：此题A选项中有一个明确暗示点，THAT指代之前所说，故选A

75

答案：F

解析：此题有一个明确暗示点，modernization 是前后文当中past two

centuries 和后面today 的明确对应，故选F。

第四部分：书面表达

第一节：情景作文

2013年北京卷情景作文延续了之前的传统，仍然以四幅图的记叙文写作为出题点。在内容上，并没有超出五大主题，即“校园拓展类、好人好事类、社会公益类、旅游接待类、家庭生活类”的范围。图画内容比较简单，四幅图中并没有出现超纲或者生僻词汇。可以说，本次考题属于难度较低的考场作文。考生在写作时，重点关注两个细节即可：1.

本文的体裁是周记，所以整篇文章的主语是“我”，而不是“我们”；2.

周记要求在写作时，多出现心理活动描写和感情描写。主要能注意这两点，相信考生可以在考场上写出一篇不错的考场作文。

高分范文：

Last Monday, my father would be on a business trip

for five days. Having gotten my promise of being great at home and taking care

of my mother, he rest assured and put his luggage into the trunk of his car.

Seeing my father’s driving away, my mother and I waved our hands and said

goodbye to him. For a moment, I began to miss my father, wishing that he would

be safe and well the next days.

I thought everything would go well, as this was not

the first time that my father had been away for several days. Yet,

unfortunately, my mother caught a cold the next morning. Looking at her pale

face, I experienced high levels of anxiety. However, I told myself that I had to

calm down and look after my mum, as I promised to my dad. The moment I got my

mum to sleep, I put cold towel on her forehead, found pills in the medicine box,

and made some noodles for her. Luckily, she waked up and felt better, after

taking the pills and the noodles. That her fever was gone relieved and satisfied

me a lot.

In the next four days, I was taking her body

temperature twice a day, ensuring that she was completely well. To our delight,

my dad went back home safely and healthily on Saturday. On hearing what I had

done to my mum, he, as well as my mum, beamed at me and gave me a big thumb.

Hearing their praises and seeing bright smiles on their faces, I really felt

overjoyed and thrilled. Conceivably, taking care of my parents was, indeed and

definitely, my mission and obligation.

第二节：开放作文

2013年北京卷开放作文的难度与往年持平，图画比较简单，容易理解。通过“大鱼”和“小鱼”的对比，能看出来图画的立意应该与“理想”和“现实”有关。从描图的角度上来说，除了“鱼竿”这个单词在写作时稍微有点难度之外，其他的要素都是比较容易处理的。在写作时，请注意；两个个方面：

1. 由于在英文提示部分，要求的是先“理解图画”，所以写作时请考生在首段直接提出立意。

2.

开放作文在写作时，一定要有“带图议论”的环节。所以，虽然提示部分并不像往年的题目一样，明确出现“描图”两个字，但在首段提出立意之后，第二段还是要有描图的语言，否则会失分。

高分范文：

Hi, Jim, there is an interesting picture conveying a

message vividly that a difference between reality and dream may as well be

recognized in our life. Evidently, realizing this difference and trying to

shorten this gap is the key to achieving our accomplishment, otherwise nothing

will be gotten in the end.

In our daily life, some people are aware of their

ability, making great efforts to improve themselves, while others ignore the

disparity between their earnest wish and poorest actuality, doing nothing but

complaining. Conceivably, the confused man in the picture is exactly the latter

one. In this picture, a man is fishing on a big stone, waiting and waiting.

However, the small fish he has caught is totally different from the big one he

is longing for. Now, there are two options in front of him: face the reality and

keep trying till get the dreamy fish, or drop his fishing rod and feel

desperate. Apparently, he chooses the second one. Such a situation seems fairly

common in our society. We are faced with this kind of intriguing question all

the time, and every choice we make has great influence on our way to success.

Making an accurate estimate of our realities and dreams, then sparing no efforts

to approach the tip is the only option for us to make, provided that we are in

great want of achieving our goals.

Based on the above statement, a conclusion will be

arrived at that learning to accept the reality and adopting a positive attitude

towards the dream is what we are supposed to do, when confronting our

less-satisfying situation.

希望下面关于定语从句难点的总结能够帮到你,高考的时候定语从句的确是个重点,要好好复习!你所问关于主句是there be句型定语从句的情况见下面：

一、6．主句以There be…开头,先行词为物时常用that引导定语从句.

Eg. There is a room in the building that is still free.

三、4. 在以There be…开头,先行词为人的句子中,常用who引导定语从句.

Eg. There is a pretty girl who wants to see you.

若时间充足的话,再逐渐掌握住其它的情况,按照规律去做选择题会节省很多时间的.

定语从句在句中起形容词的作用,它通常修饰它前面的名词或代词,即它的先行词(Antecedent).

一、Which和that在定语从句中指代事物时,一般可互换使用,但在下列情况下通常用that而不用which

1．当先行词是all, everything, anything, nothing, much, few, little, none, the one等不定代词时,常用that引导定语从句.

Eg. All that can be done has been done. 所有能做的已经做了

2．先行词前有only,few,any,little,no,all,every,very等词修饰时,常用that引导定语从句.

Eg. This is the very book that I want to read.

3．先行词前面有序数词（first,second等）或形容词的最高形式对其修饰时,常用that引导定语从句.

Eg. This is the first letter that I’ve received from him since he left.

4．在并列的先行词中既有人又有物时,不能用who或whom,也不能用which,而要用that引导定于从句.

Eg. They talked of things and persons that they remembered in the school.

5．被修饰的成份在主句中是系动词be后面的表语,或关系词本身在定语从句中作表语时,常用that引导定语从句,或省略that.

Eg. She is no longer the sweet little girl that she used to be.

6．主句以There be…开头,先行词为物时常用that引导定语从句.

Eg. There is a room in the building that is still free.

7．主句是以who, which或what开头的特殊疑问句时,用that引导定语从句.

Eg. Who is the lady that is waiting at the school gate?

二、关系代词指代事物时,在下列情况下通常只用which而不用that引导定语从句.

1．在非限制性定语从句中,常用which引导定语从句.

Eg. I said nothing, which made my mother even more angry.

2．当先行词本身是that或是those且指物时.

Eg. Paul has found that which he lost yesterday.

3．当关系代词前面有介词时,常用which引导定语从句.

Eg. I like to live in the house, in front of which there is a tall pine tree.

三、关系代词指人时,在下列情况下通常只用who而不用that引导定语从句.

1．先行词是one, ones或anyone时

Eg. Anyone who leaves the classroom last should turn off the lights.

2．当先行词是人,后面有较长修饰语时

Eg. Do you know the teacher in blue with a book in his hand who is standing at the gate?

3．先行词为those或被those修饰时,常用who引导定语从句

Eg. Those who like football can enter for the game.

4．在以There be…开头,先行词为人的句子中,常用who引导定语从句.

Eg. There is a pretty girl who wants to see you.

5．在非限制性定语从句中,常用who引导定语从句.

Eg. I met an old friend of mine in the street, who had just e from England.

6．当先行词是I, you, he, they等时（多用于谚语中）.

Eg. He who does not reach the Great Wall is not a true man.

7．在介词前置时只用whom.

Eg. In the dark forest, there was not a single person to whom she could turn for help.

四、如果先行词是time, moment, place, reason, way, direction, distance等时,常用that引导的定语从句代替介词＋which或when,where,why等,且that常省略：

Eg. I’d like to know the reason (that/why/for which) you change the plan.

五、As作关系代词引导的限制性定语从句中,只用于和the same, such及as连用的结构中,在句中充当主、宾、表语.

Eg. 1) He is not the same (man) as he used to be. （表）

2) There are as many books as are needed. （主）

注意：如先行词由same修饰,用that或as皆可,但有细微的差别.用that表示“同一的”,用as表示“同样的”（并不一定是同一个—）

Eg. 1) This is the same pen as I lost yesterday.

2) This is the same pen that I lost yesterday.

六、as与which在引导非限制定语从句中的区别：

1．在定语从句中as除了充当一定的句子成分外还有“正如,由…而知”的意思.

2．as引导的定语从句位置十分灵活,可放在句中,句首及句尾,而which引导的定语从句却不能位于句首.

3．as引导的定语从句在语义上要和主句保持一致.

Eg. Lisa has made some progress again, as/which was natural.

Lisa has made some progress again, which was unexpected.

4．如果从句谓语动词是主动语态,且关系代词在从句中作主语时,一般用which.

Eg. My father came back safely, which delighted us.

5．as在从句中作主语时,其谓语为be动词或被动语态,常见的句中谓语为be known/said/announced/reported/expected等.

Eg. He remarried, as was expected.

另外：there be 结构中若是否定结构,后常用but,这时相当于who/that…not.

Eg. In China, there is no one but knows Beijing.,11,定语从句中如果是 there be 句型 先行词为人时可以用that做关系词吗?

我是一个高中生 我们老师说there be 句型当中如果先行词是人的时候 关系词只能用who、whom,坚决不能用that；当先行词是物的时候 关系词必须用that

是这样的吗?

还有一种说法 就是无论主语是人还是物 都必须用that

希望英语良好及专业人士或老师帮忙解释一下 如果能附带高考例句最佳

附:如果您本身就对于这个问题有疑问的话就请不要回答了 应为本人这里学的已经很乱了