高考必考语法知识_高考语法最简

1.非谓语最简单的都是三大从句简化吗？

2.高考英语语法题目类型和分布重点

3.高中英语语法

4.高考英语语法:高中英语语法-as 引导的各种从句之一

5.高考英语语法： 英语分词的逻辑主语

6.高考语法复习系列 形容词和副词

7.高考英语语法:高中英语语法-插入语六大用法小结

《高中英语语法-何时使用零冠词？》由留学liuxue86.com我整理。本内容整理时间为05月12日，如有任何问题请联系我们。

何时使用零冠词？

1. 表示独一无二的职位或头衔的名词在句中用作表语、宾语补足语、主语补足语或同位语时，其前一般不用冠词。如：

He was President of the Republic at that time. 那时，他是共和国的总统。

2. 在介词后表示抽象概念的名词前一般不用冠词。如：in prison坐牢；at school在学校；at sea出海；go to church做礼拜

We had better send him to hospital at once.

我们最好马上把他送进医院。

3. 为人所熟知的事物前一般不用冠词。如：

There?s no place like home. 任何地方都没有家好。

He has gone into town. 他已经进城去了。

4. 单数可数名词转化为物质名词或抽象名词时，其前一般不用冠词。如：

Do you like rabbit？ 你喜欢吃兔肉吗？

She said she cared a lot about face. 她说她很爱面子。

5. 泛指人类或男女时，名词前一般不用冠词。 如：

Man should help and love each other. 人类应该互帮互爱。

Woman has played an important role in modern society.

妇女在现代社会中起着重要的作用。

6. 表示语言或学科名称的名词前一般不用冠词。如：

The girl speaks English fluently.这女孩能讲一口流利的英语。

He is interested in Chemistry. 他对化学感兴趣。

7. 表示季节、月份、日期的名词前一般不用冠词。如：

If winter comes， can spring be far behind？

冬天来了，春天还会远吗？

School begins in September. 九月份开学。

8. 某些并列结构前不用冠词。如：

Husband and wife went to the movies yesterday. 夫妇俩昨天去看**了。

9. 某些固定习语中的名词前不用冠词。如：catch fire着火； lose heart丧失信心； by chance偶然地； in fear惊恐地； catch sight of 看见；make use of利用；等等。 《高中英语语法-何时使用零冠词？》由留学liuxue86.com我整理

非谓语最简单的都是三大从句简化吗？

《高中英语语法-全面回顾被动语态(四)》由留学英语组我整理(www.liuxue86.com)。本内容整理时间为05月12日，如有任何问题请联系我们。

全面回顾被动语态(四)

七、被动语态与系表结构的区别

当?be+过去分词?作被动语态时表示主语承受的动作；作系表结构时表示主语的特点或所处的状态时，be后面的过去分词是表语，相当于形容词。其区分办法如下：

1．如果强调动作或句中有介词by引导出动作的执行者，该句一般为被动语态，否则为系表结构。

例The glass is broken． （系表结构）

The glass was broken by the boy． （被动语态）

2．如果句中有地点、频率或时间状语时，一般为被动语态。

例The door is locked． （系表结构）

The door haslready/just been locked．（被动语态）

3．被动语态除用于一般时态和完成时态外，还可以用于其他各种时态，而系表结构中的系动词be只有一般时态和完成时态。

例 The machine is being repaired．

八、被动语态与高考试题的内容'>高考试题赏析

1． 高考对谓语动词语态的考查例析

1). In some parts of the world, tea ___ with milk and sugar. (NMET1993)

A. is serving B. is served C. serves D. served

解析 B 因为serve是及物动词，其动作承受者tea作主语，表示经常发生的情况，故用一般现在时的被动语态。

2). This is Ted?s phone. We miss him a lot. He ___ trying to save a child in the earthquake.(NMET2002)

A. killed B. is killed

C. was killed D. was killing

解析 C Ted是kill的承受者，用被动语态，且Ted救人发生在过去，所以用一般过去时的被动语态。

3). ---- Have you moved into the new house?

---- Not yet, the rooms _____. (NMET1991) A. are being painted B. are painting

C. are painted D. are being painting

解析 A ?house?和?paint?应该是被动的关系，排除B，D。后者未搬进新居的原因是房子正在油漆，所以要用现在进行时的被动语态。不能用一般现在时表示习惯性动作，排除C。

4). When and where to go for the on-salary holiday ___ yet. （上海春2003）

A. are not decided B. have not been decided

C. is not being decided D. has not been decided

解析 D decide是及物动词，动作的发出者通常是人，句中的主语是动作的承受者，所以decide要用被动语态。从题干的语境和关键词yet，可判断用现在完成时，不定式做主语用单数，故用现在完成时的被动语态。

5). The manager entered the office and was happy to learn that four-fifths of the tickets ___.（上海春2001）

A. was booked B. had been booked

C. were booked D. have been booked

解析 B 句中tickets是book(订票)的承受者，主谓为被动关系，又因票已被订出应发生在entered the office这个过去动作之前，所以要用过去完成时的被动语态。

2．高考对非谓语动词语态的考查

当非谓语动词的逻辑主语为动作的承受者时, 须用被动式。弄清非谓语动词与其逻辑主语之间的执行与承受关系是掌握非谓语动词语态的关键。

1). Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains ___ whether they will enjoy it. (NMET2002)

A. to see B. to be seen

C. seeing D. seen

解析 B 根据题意，那对老夫妇是否到国外旅行是将来的动作，应使用不定式，故排除掉C、D两项；又因remains的逻辑主语it是动词see说表示动作的承受者，即?到国外旅行?这件事，这件事有待于?被决定?，应使用动词不定式的被动形式。

2). While shopping, people sometimes can?t help ___ into buying something they don?t really need. （上海1996）

A. to persuaded B. persuading

C. being persuaded D. be persuaded

解析 C can?t help doing ?禁不住做某事?，排除A和D；顾客应是?被劝说?购物的，要用动名词的被动语态。

3）. I feel it is your husband who ___ for the spoiled child. （上海2002）

A. is to blame B. is going to blame

C. is to be blamed D. should blame

解析 A feel的宾语从句为强调句型，在be to do结构中，在某些场合可用不定式的主动语态表示被动语态，如to blame， to let等。 《高中英语语法-全面回顾被动语态(四)》由留学英语组我整理(www.liuxue86.com)

高考英语语法题目类型和分布重点

非谓语是指不含有谓语动词的动词形式，如动词不定式、动名词和分词。三大从句简化指的是定语从句、状语从句和主语从句的简化形式。虽然非谓语和三大从句简化都是语法方面的知识点，但它们并不完全相同。非谓语在句子中可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语和状语等成分，而三大从句简化则是在从句中进行简化。因此，要根据具体语境和语法结构来判断哪种语法形式最简单。希望能够为您解答疑惑。

高中英语语法

虚拟语气

1．虚拟语气的标准句式

2．标准句式与综错句式

3．条件句的省略倒装

4．虚拟语气的含蓄条件句

介词with, without, under, in, but for 等表示含蓄条件；

连词but, or, or else等表示含蓄条件；

副词otherwise, unfortunately等表示转折假设：

5．省略主句的虚拟语气结构if only

6．用于宾语从句的虚拟语气

that宾语从句需用（should）十动词原形表示虚拟的动词：

advise, recommend, propose, suggest, insist, move, urge, command, direct, order, ask, demand, request, require, maintain, prefer, desire, vote that不可以省略；should可以省略：

以上动词的同词根名词在that同位语从句和表语从句的谓语需用（should）十动词原形

如：

insistence, preference, recommendation, suggestion, proposal, motion, desire, requirement, request, order, necessity

以上动词的同词根形容词及分词在that主语从句的谓语需用（should）十动词原形，如：

advisable, desirable, insistent, preferable, urgent; advised, arranged, commanded, demanded desired, ordered, proposed, recommended, requested, required, suggested; essential, important, natural, necessary, possible, proper, strange

7．用于目的状语从句的虚拟语气 in case; in fear that; lest

8．用于方式状语从句的虚拟语气

9．常用的虚拟语气句式

1) it is high time

2) would rather

3)情态动词完成式可以表示责备、推测语气；

倒 装

全部倒装与部分倒装：

1．否定词语置于句首

never, no, neither, hardly, scarcely, little, seldom, rarely, not until, nowhere, at no time, on no account, in no respects, in no sense, in no way, under no circumstances, by no means, no longer, no less, no more, no sooner, in vain

2. only十状语置于句首

only加副词：only then，only once

only加介词短语：only at that time，only in this way，only by doing

only加状语从句：only because, only when

3．not only……but also……置于句首

4．so……that……状语、表语置于句首

5．than引导的比较状语从句（可以）

6．表语＋系动词＋主语

7．存在句

8．as引导的方式状语从句（可以）

主谓一致

常出现在主谓部分倒装结构中；常出现在主语与谓语之间有定语从句或其他修饰结构的句子中；常出现关系代词作主语的定语从句中；

1．以-s结尾的名词的主谓一致

1学科名词2构词单复3专有名词

................................................

高考英语语法:高中英语语法-as 引导的各种从句之一

分词（participle）

现在分词一般式 否定式 完成式 被动式

Doing Not doing Having done Being done

Not having done Having been done

Not being done

现在分词，过去分词

现在分词表示被动，表进行；及物动词的过去分词表被动，完成。

Boiling water 正在沸腾的水 boiled water 已经开过的水

The rising sun 正在升起的太阳 the risen sun 升起了的太阳

A developing country 发展中国家 a developed country 发达国家

*现在分词和过去分词都可以在句中作表语，定语，状语和宾语补足语。

作表语

。现在分词作表语一般表示主语的特征和句中主语是主谓关系，主语一般是物，有时也可以是人。

。过去分词做表语一般表示主语所处的状态和句中主语是逻辑的动宾关系，主语一般是人，也可以是物。

（1） the film is moving we are moved

disappoint /surprise /move /frighten /inspire /interest

The boy is disappointing and his father is disappointed.

He tried be calm, but his voice sounded a bit surprised.

be covered /lined with

The door remained locked They remained listening.

2.做定语：

有些词的过去分词有两种 learned /learned burned /burnt lighted/light

一般规则变化的做定语，不规则变化的不做定语

*单独的一个分词做定语通常放在被修饰词的前边，分词短语做定语放在被修饰词的后边，相当于一个定语从句。

1（ 使动词的用法

*a girl named Mary came to see me .

*a girl calling herself Mary came to see me .

a moved girl = a girl who was moved a moving film =a film which is moving

a surprised look /expression on his face

2) I read the book written (which was written) by lu xun

Tell the children playing the guitar not to make so much noise.

The building being built is our teaching building.

He lives in a room facing the south.

注：有些词只能用定语从句表达而不能用过去分词的形式。

The boy who came to see me is my brother.

There were accidents that always happened.

3) 现在分词短语和过去分词短语都可以做非限制性定语，相当于一个非限制性定语从句 . The book, written in 1980, tells of struggle.

2.作状语： 时间状语，原因状语，条件状语，伴随状语。

He went into the lab, following other students.

The teacher went into the lab, followed by a group of students.

Being a young people, he is always ready to help others.= as he is a young people ,…..

Given more time, he would do it even better. =if we were more time ,………..

Being ill, he didn’t go to school. = as he is ill ,he didn’t ……..

Not knowing what to do, went to ask marl.

Not having received her lessons well, she failed in the exam.

Having finished her work, she went home.

Getting up early, you’ll catch the bus. =if you get earlier ,……..

considering 就…而言 考虑到，各方面考虑起来

She seems very bright, considering.

Considering the distance, he arrived quickly.

The hall is still in good condition, considering that it was built almost 1000 years ago.

注：1) Generally speaking, he is a good person.

Judging from his skin, he is an African.

He left home, determined not to set his foot in his home.

但是 to tell the truth ,……. To be honest ………

regarding = about 关于…的问题

He spoke to me regarding his failure .

I must speak to you regarding this matter.

2) 分词做状语，分词的逻辑主语必须与主句的主语一致。

While visiting a city, a guidebook is very useful.

While reading the letter, tears come to her eyes. (错误)

当分词做状语，分词的逻辑主语与主句的主语不一致时， 分词可以在自己的前 面加上自己的逻辑主语，这样后构成的短语叫独立主格结构，一般用逗号与主句分开。

It being Sunday .I don’t have to go to work.

He being a party member, his deeds are expected by all.

Our work having been finished, we went home.

They’re being no buses, we went home.

Weather permitting; we’ll start on Saturday.

Mr. smith is shy and doesn’t speak until spoken to.

4. 做宾语补足语。

see , watch , hear , notice , feel , find , get , have , leave , keep +n./+分词

I’m sorry to have kept you waiting for such a long time.

When he woke up , he found himself lying on the ground .

Don’t have the medicine working all the time.

I won’t have you talking to your mother like this .否定表示不允许，不容忍。

* get sb. /sth . doing 使。。重新开始

get the clock going get the car going 跑/ start 启动

It’s not hard to get the children speaking, but it’s hard to stop them.

I often hear the song sung in English.

he spoke loudly in order to make himself heard clearly .

I saw the boy beaten by tom.

The teacher found jack seated / sitting in the room.

The boy was last seen playing in the river.

注： dress ---- be dressed seat ------be seated fix ---one’s eye be fixed on

We found her dressed in red today.

The thief was caught stealing

Dressed in red, she went out.

We found him hidden behind the door.

We sat there silent, her eyes fixed on that army camp.

I didn’t hear a single word in his talk referring to your absence from the meeting.

Do you know the man referred to at the meeting?

He walked along the river, his hands folded across his shoulder.

Feel one’s heart beating fast. /his face exposed.

Compared with tom, he is an honest man.

Comparing what he had with tom, he is satisfied.

The Gerund 动名词

—。 构成。

语态/形式 一般式 完成式 复合结构

主动 Doing Having done One’s doing

被动 Being done Having been done

否定形式一律在其前加not

II .用途： 定语，宾语，主语，表语

做主语：动名词做主语，谓语动词用单数。

Smoking does harm to your health.

Tom’s coming made us happy.

Her not coming back made her father angry.

His being punished by the teacher is known to us.

Looking after children is her job.

Seeing is believing （前后对应）眼见为实。

Teaching is learning 教学相长。

My falling ill worried him greatly.

注意下列结构: It is no use / good / useful doing

It is no good quarrelling with them.

It is no use regretting what you have done.

2. 定语

动名词做定语表示用途。（即 ving 做定语有两个意思 1）表动作在进行 2）表用途）

a walking stick / a changing room 更衣室／ a hiding place / an operating table

a collecting tin / a weight machine / building material / drinking water / swimming pool

a washing machine / a sleeping car / a smoking room / sowing machine 播种机

booking office 售票处 ／ training class 训练班 ／translating machine 翻译机

3．作表语，可以与主语互相转换。

His worst habit is eating too fast.

Our job is playing all kinds of instruments.

Their job is making model planes.

The real problem is getting all the materials ready before the end of the month.

The problem is his son’s having taken the other’s money.

4. 做宾语。

动名词既可以做动词宾语，也可以作介词宾语。

He has finished reading the book.

We could hear the noise of the desk’s being opened. and closed.

He came to attend the concert without being invited.

He suggested the text’s being translated into Chinese.

You should practise listening to English.

She looked forward to receiving her mother’s letter.

注意：1)有些动词或动词短语后面， 必须用动名词做宾语，而不用不定式。

enjoy , finish , mind , risk , avoid , forbid , excuse , practise , imagine , suggest , delay , miss , escape , can’t help , consider ,

be worth doing / be busy doing / give up doing / put off doing / insist on doing

keep / prevent /stop from doing feel like doing / prefer doing to doing

be afraid of / be tired of / be fond of / be proud of /succeed in

. the wounded solider escaped being killed in the fighting .

do you mind my smoking here ?

Don’t be afraid of asking for help.

The boy insisted on being severed with cake.

2)要特别注意以下几个词组

pay attention to / look forward to / devote oneself to / make contribution to

stick to / be /get used to / object to / refer to / get down to / see to （ 处理）

He objected to being treated as a child.

The scientist devoted himself to inventing this new machine.

有些动词跟to do 和doing 均可，但意思不同。

forget to do 忘记做/去做一件事 （没有做）

forget doing 忘记过去做过某事 。

I forget to close the window when I left my office.

Don’t forget to post the letter for me.

I forget meeting you in the street the other day.

remember to do 记住去做某事

remember doing 记得做过某事

please remember to close the window when you leave .

I remember having given the book to you.

regret to do 对现在要发生的事情表示遗憾，抱歉。

Regret doing 对已经发生的事情表示后悔。

I regret to say / to tell you that I can’t go with you.

He regretted having told you about it.

mean to do 打算，想要做，有做某事的意图。

Mean doing 意味着

I mean to go with you.

He didn’t mean to hurt you.

It means finishing in time.

Giving him such books to read means waste his time .

e. try to do 试图于，设法干，尽力于

try doing 试着干

The boy tried to open the door.

He tried driving a bus.

stop to do /doing

go on to do / doing

be sure to do 肯定会 ，讲会者肯定

be sure of doing 主语自己会

He is sure to come

I am sure of his coming.

H. like /hate to do

Like hate doing

Nobody likes being laughed at.

4. 注意： need, want require +doing = need, want, require to be done

The room wants cleaning / to be cleaned

The child needs looking after / to be looked after

5. 有些 介词加doing 表示时间

on /upon doing = as soon as

in doing = when /while

On hearing the news, he jumped with joy.

In working in shanghai, he made a lot of friends.

=While working in shanghai, he made a lot of friends.

高考英语语法： 英语分词的逻辑主语

《高中英语语法-as 引导的各种从句之一》由留学英语组我整理(www.liuxue86.com)。本内容整理时间为05月12日，如有任何问题请联系我们。

as 引导的各种从句之一

as 作为英语中一个非常活跃的词，其引导的从句在中学阶级较为多见，它们的种类应根据实际意义具体分析判定。笔者现将 as 引导的从句归纳并说明如下：

一、 as 充当连词，引导状语从句。

1. 引导时间状语从句，主句动作与从句动作同时发生，译为?当?的时候；一边?一边?。如：

As the students watched him quietly， he mixed the three together.

当学生们静静地看着他的时候，他把这三种液体搅和在一起。

As the pupils walked along the lake， they sang happily.

学生们沿着湖一边走，一边高兴地唱着。

2. 引导原因状语从句，从句所表达的原因是比较明显的，已为人们所知的。如：

As he did not know much English， he got out his dictionary and looked up the word ? cough ? .

由于他英语懂得不多，就拿出字典来查?咳嗽?这个词。

As it was getting very late， we soon turned back.

因为很晚了，我们很快就回来了。

3. 引导方式状语从句，此时 as 可译为?如；像；按照?。如：

Remember， you must do everything as I do.

记住，你们都要照我这样做。

When at Rome do as the Romans do.

（谚语）入乡随俗。

I have changed it as you suggested.

我已经按照你的建议把它改好了。

4. 引导让步状语从句，多用于书面语中，且须用部分倒装语序，即将从句的表语或状语等前置。它比 though 和 although 引导的让步状语从句更有表现力，语气更强。如：

Poor as he was （＝ Though he was poor ） he was honest.

他虽然贫穷，但很诚实。

Child as she is， she speaks English well.

虽然她是个孩子，但英语却讲得很好。

Fast as you read， you can't finish the book in two days.

尽管你读得很快，但你不能在两天内读完这本书。

5. 引导比较状语从句，从句通常可采用省略形式， as 译为?像?一样?。如：

It isn't as （ so ） cold as it was yesterday.

今天不像昨天那么冷。

二 . as 充当关系代词，引导定语从句

1. 引导限制性定语从句，在从句中作主语、宾语、表语等成分，先行词通常被 such， the same 所修饰，构成? such ? as， the same ? as ?结构。如：

You made the same mistake as （ you did ） last time.

你犯了和上次一样的错误。

You must show my wife the same respect as you show me.

你必须尊敬我的妻子，像你尊敬我一样。

Such women as knew Tom （ = Those women who knew Tom ） thought he was charming.

认识汤姆的女人都认为他很有魅力。

2. 引导非限制性定语从句， as 所代表的不是主句中的某个名词或代词，而是整个主句。 as 可放在主句前面或后面。如：

As is known to all， Taiwan is part of China.

众所周知，台湾是中国的一部分。

As we have seen， oceans cover more than 70 percent of the earth.

我们知道，海洋占地球面积的 70 ％以上。

摘自 中学生英语读写

as 引导的各种从句

湖南长沙市第十八中学 雷玉兰

as 作为英语中一个非常活跃的词，其引导的从句在中学阶级较为多见，它们的种类应根据实际意义具体分析判定。笔者现将 as 引导的从句归纳并说明如下：

一、 as 充当连词，引导状语从句。

1. 引导时间状语从句，主句动作与从句动作同时发生，译为?当?的时候；一边?一边?。如：

As the students watched him quietly， he mixed the three together.

当学生们静静地看着他的时候，他把这三种液体搅和在一起。

As the pupils walked along the lake， they sang happily.

学生们沿着湖一边走，一边高兴地唱着。

2. 引导原因状语从句，从句所表达的原因是比较明显的，已为人们所知的。如：

As he did not know much English， he got out his dictionary and looked up the word ? cough ? .

由于他英语懂得不多，就拿出字典来查?咳嗽?这个词。

As it was getting very late， we soon turned back.

因为很晚了，我们很快就回来了。

3. 引导方式状语从句，此时 as 可译为?如；像；按照?。如：

Remember， you must do everything as I do.

记住，你们都要照我这样做。

When at Rome do as the Romans do.

（谚语）入乡随俗。

I have changed it as you suggested.

我已经按照你的建议把它改好了。

4. 引导让步状语从句，多用于书面语中，且须用部分倒装语序，即将从句的表语或状语等前置。它比 though 和 although 引导的让步状语从句更有表现力，语气更强。如：

Poor as he was （＝ Though he was poor ） he was honest.

他虽然贫穷，但很诚实。

Child as she is， she speaks English well.

虽然她是个孩子，但英语却讲得很好。

Fast as you read， you can't finish the book in two days.

尽管你读得很快，但你不能在两天内读完这本书。

5. 引导比较状语从句，从句通常可采用省略形式， as 译为?像?一样?。如：

It isn't as （ so ） cold as it was yesterday.

今天不像昨天那么冷。

二 . as 充当关系代词，引导定语从句

1. 引导限制性定语从句，在从句中作主语、宾语、表语等成分，先行词通常被 such， the same 所修饰，构成? such ? as， the same ? as ?结构。如：

You made the same mistake as （ you did ） last time.

你犯了和上次一样的错误。

You must show my wife the same respect as you show me.

你必须尊敬我的妻子，像你尊敬我一样。

Such women as knew Tom （ = Those women who knew Tom ） thought he was charming. 《高中英语语法-as 引导的各种从句之一》由留学英语组我整理(www.liuxue86.com)

高考语法复习系列 形容词和副词

高考英语语法：英语分词的逻辑主语

　一、弄清什么是分词的逻辑主语

分词属非谓语动词，即不用作谓语的动词，所以它没有真正的主语。但是，分词作为动词的一种形式，它应有自己理论上或逻辑上的主语，即逻辑主语。如：

I often hear him singing this song. 我经常听他唱这首歌。(him 是singing的逻辑主语)

Hearing the news, he couldn’t help crying. 听到这消息，他禁不住哭了。(he是hearing的逻辑主语)

若用的是过去分词或现在分词的被动式，则上面提到的逻辑主语实为“逻辑宾语”。如：

I often hear this song sung. 我经常听到有人唱这首歌。(this song是sung的逻辑主语，但是sing 的逻辑宾语)

I saw her being taken to the operating room. 我看见她被送到手术室。(her是being taken 的逻辑主语，但是take 的逻辑宾语)

二、弄清分词逻辑主语的易错点

分词作状语，它的逻辑主语通常应是句子的主语，否则会出错。请看下题：

1. Finding her car stolen, ______.

A. a policeman was asked to help

B. the area was searched thoroughly

C. it was looked for everywhere

D. she hurried to a policeman for help

此题答案应选D，因为句首用作状语的现在分词短语finding her car stolen 的逻辑主语应是“她”，而不是a policeman, the area, it 等。

在使用分词的逻辑主语时还要注意根据句意判断是主动还是被动。如：

2. _____ many times, he still didn’t understand it.

A. Having been told B. Though to be told

C. Having told D. He was told

根据句意，he 与 tell 应是被动关系。从时间上看，应该是“被告诉”在先，“没有理解”在后，故选A。比较下题由于句中用了并列连词but，情况有所不同：

3. _____ many times, but he still didn’t understand it.

A. Having been told B. Though he was told

C. To have been told D. He was told

此题答案选D，句中的并列连词 but 表明整个句子为并列句，同时表明 but 前应是一个独立的句子，而不能是一个非谓语动词短语(所以不能选A或C)。

三、弄清分词逻辑主语的特例

一般说来，分词作状语，它的逻辑主语应与句子主语一致，但事实上有少数例外的特殊情况：

1. 某些表示说话人态度的一些惯用分词表达，它们在用作状语时其逻辑主语可以与句子主语不一致。如：

Generally speaking, women live longer than men. 一般说来，女人比男人活得长。

Judging from what you say, he ought to succeed. 从你的话看，他应当能成功。

Considering the distance, he arrived very quickly. 考虑到路程，他到达得很快。

Taking everything into consideration, you should leave. 考虑到各种因素，你离开。(from www.nmet168.com)

2. 当句子含有先行主语it或there时，有时用作状语的分词短语可以与先行主语不一致。如：

Having so little time, there was not much that I could do. 由于时间很少，我能做的事很有限。

Being French, it’s surprising that she’s such a terrible cook. 她是法国人，但她做饭做得那么糟真是令人感到惊奇。

3. 当分词已转化为介词或连词，此时也无需考虑主语一致问题。如：

Supposing she doesn’t come, what shall we do? 要是她不来我们怎么办?(supposing为连词，意为“假若”)

Given their inexperience, they’ve done a good job. 考虑到他们没有经验，这工作已做得很不错了。(given为介词，意为“考虑到”)

4. 当分词暗含的逻辑主语为表示泛指意义的one或you时，也无需考虑主语的一致性问题。如：

In doing such work, patience is needed. 做这种工作需要耐心。(=When one does such work, patience is needed.)

四、弄清分词的独立主格结构

在通常情况下，分词作状语时它的逻辑主语应与句子主语一致，若不一致，则应改用其他句型。如：

误：Crossing the road, a car knocked him down.

正：Crossing the road, he was knocked down by a car. 过马路时他被车撞倒了。

正：When he was crossing the road, a car knocked him down. 他过马路时车子把他撞倒了。

解决状语分词的逻辑主语与句子主语不一致的问题，也可在分词前加一个名词或代词，使之成为分词的逻辑主语。由于加在分词前的名词或代词要用主格形式，故称分词的独立主格结构。如：

The job finished, we went home. 工作结束后我们就回家了。

The weather being fine, we went swimming. 天气很好，我们就去游泳了。

He being absent, nothing couldn’t be done. 由于他缺席，什么事也干不成

高考英语语法:高中英语语法-插入语六大用法小结

?第三章 ?形容词和副词

高考对形容词和副词的考查主要集中在对形容词和副词的辨析上，同时加大对比较级的考查

一、?形容词

1）多个形容词修饰名词的排列顺序

限定词（包括冠词、所有格、人称代词、指示代词、数量词等）+表示观点的词(品质，状态，即表示好坏美丑等的词)+大小或长短+年龄或新旧+形状或样式+颜色+产地或来源+材料或种类+用途+名词

a nice long new black British plastic pen

2）形容词作状语，表伴随或结果

He returned，safe but tired.

3）复合形容词的用法

1)形容词 + 名词 + ed ?kind-hearted好心的，white-haired白发的

2) 形容词 + 形容词 red-hot炽热的，dark-blue深蓝的

3)形容词 + 现在分词 good-looking好看的，easy-going随和的

4)副词 + 现在分词 ?hard-working勤劳的，fast-moving快速转动的

5)副词 + 过去分词 ?hard-won得来不易的，newly-made新建的

6)名词 + 形容词 life-long终生的，world-famous世界闻名的

7)名词 + 现在分词 ?peace-loving爱好和平的，fun-loving爱开玩笑的

8)名词 + 过去分词 ?snow-covered白雪覆盖的，hand-made手工的

9)数词 + 名词 + ed ?four-storeyed 4层楼的，three-legged 3条腿的

10)数词 + 名词(名词用单数) ?ten-year 10年的，two-man两人的

二、?形容词和副词比较级和最高级的用法

一、比较级和最高级的常见结构

1. “the +比较级……, the +比较级“：表示“越……越……”

The sooner you see a doctor, the better it is.你越早看医生越好。

2. the +序数词+最高级+单数可数名词：表示“第几大的”

This is the third most popular song of Michael Jackson。

这是迈克尔·杰克逊第三受欢迎的歌曲。

二、比较级和最高级的修饰语

1.常见的比较级的修饰语有：much, a little, a great deal, far, by far, even, will, still, a bit, a little, rather, any, (far) larger than

This movie is far more interesting than I expected.这部**比我原想的有意思的多。

2. all the +比较级：愈来愈

I worked all the harder.我工作愈来愈努力了。

3.常见的最高级的修饰语有：序数词，by far, nearly, almost, by no means, not quite, not really等

He is almost the best player.他基本上是最好的选手。

4. any修饰比较级只用于疑问句、否定句和条件状语从句

Can you do any better on this job?你这件事情能不能做得更好些?

三、表达倍数的常用结构

1.数词+times+as+形容词原级+as

This room is twice as big as that one.这房间的面积是那间的两倍。

2.数词+times+形容词比较级+than

This room is twice bigger than that one.这房间的面积是那间的两倍。

3.数词+times+性质名词+of (性质名词主要有：length, size, height, weight, depth等)

This room is twice the size of that one.这房间的面积是那间的两倍。

4. (not)half+as+形容词原级+as

This room is half as big as that one.这房间的面积是那间的一半。

四、比较级与冠词的搭配

1.不含than的比较级前可加不定冠词修饰，构成“ a/an+比较级+单数可数名词”表示“一个更……的人/物”。

Why don’t you use a sharper knife?你为什么不用一把更锋利的刀呢?

2.被比较者被明确特指时，比较级前面应该加定冠词“the”修饰。

Which is the younger one, Lily or Lucy? 哪一个年龄小一些，莉莉还是鲁西?

五、比较级和同级比较

1. as +原级+ as : 和……一样

The room is as big as that one.这间房子和那间一样大。

2. as many/much/far/long as +具体数词：到达某种程度

The number of the students in that school reaches as many as 4,000.那所学校的学生数量多达4ooo人。

3. as… as中间有名词时采用以下格式：

1) as +形容词+ a/an +单数名词+as

He is as kind a person as his father.他和他爸爸一样都是善良的人。

2) as + many/much+不可数名词/可数名词复数+as

I can carry as much paper as you can.你能搬多少纸，我也能。

I have as many books as you do.我的书和你的一样多。

六、关于比较级、最高级的几个高频考点

1. most前若没有the，就没有比较的意思，只是加强语气，有“很，非常”之意。

This is a most interesting story。

2. 比较级+than any other

She is taller than any other girl in her class。

3. …never…+比较级…，not…ever…+比较级…

I have never heard a better voice than yours。

4.nothing/nobody…+比较级+than…

Nothing is more precious than time。没有比时间更珍贵的。

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《高中英语语法-插入语六大用法小结》由英语我整理,更多请访问:。本内容整理时间为05月12日，如有任何问题请联系我们。

插入语六大用法小结

在英语学习中，插入语是一个比较重要的知识点。由于插入语是一种独立成分，通常与句中其他成分没有语法上的关系，许多同学在学习过程中会有一定的困难。其实，插入语大都是对一句话进行附加说明或解释，通常由一个词、一个短语或一个句子构成，常置于句首、句中或句末，一般用逗号或破折号与句子隔开。下面举例归纳插入语的几种用法。

例1 _____the more expensive the camera， the better its quality.

A.General speaking B.Speaking general

C.Generally speaking D.Speaking generally

解析：本题答案为C.generally speaking为分词短语，意思是?一般来说?，在句中用作插入语。

小结：许多分词短语可以用作插入语，这样的分词短语有：strictly speaking（严格地说），generally considering（一般认为）， judging from?（根据?判断）等。

例2 Two middle-aged passengers fell into the sea. ____，neither of them could swim.

A.In fact B.Luckily

C.Unfortunately D.Naturally

解析：本题答案为C.unfortunately为副词，意思是?令人遗憾地，不巧，可惜?，在句中用作插入语。

小结：常用作插入语的副词或副词短语有：indeed（的确），surely（无疑），however（然而），frankly（坦率地说），obviously（显然），naturally（天然地），luckily （happily） for sb.（算某人幸运），fortunately（幸好），strangely（奇怪），briefly（简单地说）等。

例3 Your performance in the driving test didn?t reach the required standard，_____， you failed.

A.in the end B.after all

C.in other words D.at the same time

解析：本题答案为C.in other words为介词短语，意思是?换句话说?，在句中用作插入语。

小结：常用作插入语的介词短语有：in conclusion（总之），in a word（简而言之），in short（简而言之），in general（一般说来），in a sense（在某种意义上），in my view（在我看来），in his opinion（按照他的看法），in fact（事实上），at first（首先）， in addition（此外），of course（当然），to my surprise（使我惊奇的），to her regret（使她遗憾的），for example（例如）等。

例4 It is so nice to hear from her._____，we last met more than thirty years ago.

A.What?s more B.That is to say

C.In other words D.Believe it or not

解析：本题答案为D.believe it or not为一分句，意思是?信不信由你?，在句中作插入语。

小结：用简短的句子结构作插入语，它们常置于句中或句末。这类简短的句子有：I am sure（我可以肯定地说），I believe（我相信），do you know（你知道吗），you see（你明白），I?m afraid（恐怕），it is said（据说），I suppose（我想），what?s more（而且），what?s worse（更糟糕的是），that is（也就是说），what is important（重要的是）等。

例5 _____ with you，I have no money to spare.

A.To be frank B.What?s more

C.In addition D.However

解析：本题答案为A.to be frank为不定式短语，意思是?坦率地说?，在句中用作插入语。

小结：常用作插入语的不定式短语有：to be sure（无疑地），to sum up（概括地说），to tell the truth（老实说）等。

例6 _____， he should have done such a thing.

A.Speaking general B.Strange to say

C.Luckily D.Of course

解析：本题答案为B.strange to say为形容词短语，意思是?说也奇怪?，在句中用作插入语。

小结：常用作插入语的形容词或其短语有：true（真的），funny（真可笑），needless to say（不用说），most important of all（最为重要），worse still（更糟糕的），even better（更好）等。

试题设计

1._____， he often forgot to turn off the lights.

A.Even better B.Strange C.However D.Fortunately

2.Greenland， _____ island in the world，covers over two million square kilometers.

A.it is the largest B.that is the largest

C.is the largest D.the largest

3.An awful accident_____，however，occur the other day.

A.does B.did C.has to D.had to

4.Yesterday Jane walked away from the discussion. Otherwise，she ____ something she would regret later.

A.had said B.said C.might say D.might have said

5.Boris has brains. In fact，I doubt whether anyone in the class has ____IQ.

A.a high B.a higher C.the higher D.the highest

6.Helen was much kinder to her youngest son than to the others， _____，of course，made the others envy him.

A.who B.that C.what D.which

7._____ the general state of his health，it may take him a while to recover from the operation.

A.Given B.To give C.Giving D.Having given

8._____，success results from hard work.

A.Worse still B.Sure enough

C.To sum up D.What?s worse

9.As I know，there is _____ car in this neighborhood.

A.no such B.no a C.not such D.no such a

10.He made another wonderful discovery， _____ of great importance to science.

A.which I think is B.which I think it is

C.which I think it D.I think which is

11.One day， _____，Newton saw an apple fall from a tree.

A.to sum up B.what?s more C. it is said D.in addition

参考答案

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